July marks International UV Prevention Month, aiming to raise awareness of the dangers of sun exposure without adequate protection and to promote safe habits for skin and eye health.
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are a type of radiation emitted by the sun and are divided into three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin and are associated with premature aging and the development of skin cancer. UVB rays are responsible for sunburn and are directly linked to the risk of melanoma. UVC rays, while the most dangerous, do not reach the Earth's surface because they are absorbed by the atmosphere.
Prolonged and unprotected exposure to UV rays is associated with several health problems, such as skin cancer, premature skin aging (with the appearance of wrinkles and spots), eye damage such as cataracts, and even immune system suppression. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies UV radiation as a carcinogen as dangerous as tobacco.
During this month, and ideally throughout the year, it is important to adopt preventative measures, such as:
- Apply sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher, reapplying every two hours or after swimming or sweating.
- Avoid direct sunlight between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m.
- Wear appropriate clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses with UV protection.
- Increase hydration and avoid prolonged sun exposure. Children should receive extra care, as their skin is especially sensitive.
Over 90% of skin cancers are caused by excessive sun exposure. Yet, only one in five people apply sunscreen correctly. Furthermore, a single sunburn during childhood can double the risk of developing skin cancer in adulthood.
In Portugal, this awareness campaign is promoted by several public health institutions, such as the National Health Service (SNS) and the Portuguese League Against Cancer, which seek to alert the population to the dangers of UV radiation and the importance of daily sun protection habits.